Guidelines for startup, inspection, and maintenance of ammonia mechanical refrigerating systems 1. Describes both singlestage and twostage ammonia systems. Ph diagram representation of a dry refrigeration cycle. Ammonia refrigeration is one of the older types of refrigeration that is still used today.
The rapid evaporation causes the temperature of the liquid to drop until it. Industrial refrigeration system basics ammonia refrigeration. Ammonia refrigeration basics is available in online maintenance training and course manual formats. It is an ebook for people who are involved in training and. This translates to lower electric bills and a facility that is more environmentally friendly. Ammonia refrigeration systems operate in a similar manner to fluorocarbon systems, but have several key differences. Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant. Guidelines for ammonia refrigeration plant equipment integrity. Miller professor, industrial technology the university of texas at tyler tyler, texas mcgrawhill new york chicago san francisco lisbon london madrid mexico city milan new delhi san juan seoul singapore sydney toronto. Ammonia is one such refrigerant that has been successfully. Ammonia refrigeration basics training iti bookstore. In this video were going to be looking at industrial refrigeration system basics with a focus on ammonia refrigeration systems, well start at the basics and work our way up covering some typical systems for single stage, two stage as well as. Manual for refrigeration servicing introduction technicians.
Explains the importance of accumulators and intercoolers in ammonia refrigeration. Any water in the system would freeze and obstruct piping, so ammonia refrigeration systems must use anhydrous ammonia without water or other impurities. Because copper and copperbearing materials are attacked by ammonia, they are not used in ammonia piping systems. Ammonia refrigeration basics 20110901 process cooling. Thermodynamics tutorial 5 heat pumps and refrigeration on completion of this tutorial you should be able to do the following. Nov 26, 2018 industrial refrigeration system basics, in this video well be looking at how ammonia refrigeration systems work, starting at the basics to understand how industrial refrigeration systems work. Refrigeration fundamentals heatcraft worldwide refrigeration. That kind of accident could cause serious harm to human health. Instruments for industrial ammonia refrigeration plant on vimeo. By attending this course you will learn best practices for ammonia system safety and operation. Ammonia 170 methyl chloride 170 ban on production and imports of ozonedepleting refrigerants 170 phaseout schedule for hcfcs, including r22 170 availability of r22 171 cost of r22 171 alternatives to r22 171. Ammonia refrigeration fundamentals graphic products. In the past, this was done by collecting ice in the winter and using its specific heat to cool as the ice melted. The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air.
Nov 29, 2018 iiar ammonia refrigeration piping handbook. Laroche industries, 1987, aqua ammonia information manual, laroche. This type of refrigeration unit will cost 1020% less than other models. Industrial refrigeration system basics ammonia refrigerant. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to ces records for aia members. Application handbook industrial refrigeration ammonia and co2. Provides is a tutorial and reference book that represents the collective efforts of the most knowledgeable. Covers all aspects of using ammonia as a refrigerant. While you will not usually find an ammoniabased system inside a home ammonia is a very toxic substance, and the refrigerators are very expensive, they are used in factories that need large refrigeration devices that can cool substances very quickly. Certificates of completion for nonaia members are available on request.
Introduction to ammonia refrigeration systems seminar. Region 7 thanks all who contributed their time and expertise to the. The refrigeration cycles can also be represented in a ph diagram. We take care of your refrigeration system like it is our own we offer very competitive pricing on all refrigeration equipment and parts.
Tpc training systems is authorized by iacet to offer 0. Iiar ammonia refrigeration piping handbook by storarhofe. Steel piping, fittings, and valves of the proper pressure rating are suitable for ammonia gas and liquid. An introduction to ammonia refrigeration systems ashrae is a registered provider with the american institute of architects continuing education systems. Additionally, epa has published a wide range of ammonia safetyrelated publications, including. Course offerings industrial refrigeration technical college. Ammonia systems can be designed to be more compact than hfc systems of the same capacity. The 3way valve in this example is capable of opening to either one port only or to both ports. Sep 01, 2011 industrial refrigeration contractors are familiar with the codes and regulations that apply to ammonia refrigeration systems such as ashrae 15 and ansiiiar codes. It was then utilized in the us in the 1860s for artificial ice production and then the first ammonia refrigeration machines were patented in the 1870s. Iiar ammonia refrigeration piping handbook pdf iiar ammonia refrigeration piping handbook. Osha considers anhydrous ammonia to be immediately dangerous to life and health at a concentration of 300 parts per million ppm, or 0. End users of ammonia refrigeration systems are increasingly interested in reducing the charge of ammonia in evaporators and in the overall system in the interest of minimizing.
The specific requirements for a particular system must be. Concludes with coverage of liquid recirculation system operation. Air conditioning and refrigeration rex miller professor emeritus state university college at buffalo buffalo, new york mark r. Apply to refrigeration engineer, application developer, production engineer and more. If an expander had been used the line from d to a would be a vertical line. Check out some pictures of an ammonia refrigeration system. Together, this means the refrigeration system uses a large amount of pure ammonia under high pressure. As a result, any ammonia based refrigeration system is going to present a risk of accidental exposure to high. Osha regulations that describe safe plant operation, maintenance, documentation and incident reporting only apply to ammonia plants with more than 10,000 lb of ammonia. Ammonia piping should conform to asme standard b31.
The physics of vaporcompression refrigeration require the system to use enough pressure to compress the gas into a liquid. Industrial refrigeration system basics, in this video well be looking at how ammonia refrigeration systems work, starting at the basics to understand how industrial refrigeration systems work. When 1 pound of ice melts, it absorbs 144 btu, as latent energy. It is intended that this chapter be used as a general reference source and that in all cases, recommended practices issued by equipment manufacturers and suppliers take precedence over these.
Course topics begin with the nature of ammonia and the characteristics of an ammonia refrigeration system, the lessons then cover the various components that make up the an ammonia refrigeration system. In refrigeration systems, the liquid is stored in closed containers under pressure. Ammonia refrigeration system motor temperature sensor issue. Hazards of ammonia releases at ammonia refrigeration facilities accident prevention and response manual for anhydrous ammonia refrigeration system operators anhydrous ammonia theft additional ammonia safety resources. Soso our refrigeration basics was apopemptic, refrigeration basics pdf envious ammonia. The ammonia refrigeration basics textbook covers all aspects of using ammonia as a refrigerant. Online ammonia refrigeration training courses tpc training. Ammonia is a natural refrigerant that has an ozone depletion potential odp of zero and a global warming potential gwp of less than one. Because ammonias properties are best suited to large refrigeration systems, there is likely to be a large amount of ammonia in any system that uses it. Manual handling and hot works also feature frequently in the accident book, with minor burns and abrasions occurring regularly.
Iiar ammonia refrigeration piping handbook by storarhofe issuu. Introduction chapter 1 introduction courtesy of frick background this guide identifies and discusses best practices for making industrial refrigeration systems both energyefficient and productive. Yes, it is different from refrigeration and airconditioning using halocarbon refrigerants. Oct 21, 2011 check out some pictures of an ammonia refrigeration system. This is because it is a reliable and efficient refrigerant with years of safe. Jul 17, 2017 ammonia refrigeration systems operate in a similar manner to fluorocarbon systems, but have several key differences.
Welcome to the manual for refrigeration servicing technicians. Wet refrigeration cycle the expander has been substituted by a throttling valve. While you will not usually find an ammonia based system inside a home ammonia is a very toxic substance, and the refrigerators are very expensive, they are used in factories that need large refrigeration devices that can cool substances very quickly. Pdf industrial refrigeration and ammonia enhanced heat. Call or fax for parts pricing, job quotes, or service rates. Of the number of visitors to this website, the most frequently asked question is. The ammonia refrigeration training series of courses introduces the trainee to the growing field of ammonia refrigeration. This online course covers all maintenance aspects of using ammonia as a refrigerant. Industrial refrigeration system basics, in this video well be looking at how ammonia refrigeration systems work, starting at the basics to.
Sep 21, 2019 iiar ammonia refrigeration piping handbook pdf iiar ammonia refrigeration piping handbook. Instruments for industrial ammonia refrigeration plant on. Ammonia and co2 combined package systems for commercial and. The highest levels of efficiency in these systems are achieved through a. Ayub 11, 12 presented an overview of the status of ammonia as a refrigerant of past, present and future and suggested ammonia as an attractive replacement for hydrofluorocarbons if the systems.
In this video were going to be looking at industrial refrigeration system basics with a focus on ammonia refrigeration systems, well start at the basics and work our way up covering some typical systems for single stage, two stage as well as cascade systems to help you learn the basics of industrial refrigeration. As a result, any ammonia based refrigeration system is going to present a risk of accidental exposure to high concentrations of ammonia. In this hvac video i give a tutorial to explain the refrigeration cycle with superheat and subcooling step by step, detailed and concise. Efficient ammonia refrigeration is also 310% more efficient to run than units that use cfcs. The textbook concludes with coverage of liquid recirculation system operation. Industrial refrigeration ammonia and co2 applications danfoss. Both air conditioning and industrial refrigeration have a common objective. Appendix b ammonia refrigeration application data b2 ammonia data book may 2008 alternatively, figure b1 has been generated which allows one to quickly look up a cfm ton for a series of more commonly encountered refrigeration cycle conditions. Ammonia r717 in the vast majority of cases, with some r22 applications. Ammonia training offers a variety of courses covering ammonia refrigeration, process safety management, hazardous material technician training, preparation for reta caro and reta ciro exam, basic electricity, c02 refrigeration, cascade systems and many more topics.
Ammonia refrigeration basics training tpc training. Feb 07, 2019 industrial refrigeration basics industrial refrigeration system basics ammonia refrigerant. Refrigeration system lift is the difference between suction pressure and discharge pressure. Ammonia refrigeration systems have traditionally employed evaporators supplied. Refrigeration cycle tutorial university of oklahoma. Theoretical and practical ammonia refrigeration forgotten books. Ammonia azane 1 or r717 was among the early refrigerants, first used in 1850 in france2. Introduction to ammonia refrigeration systems ashrae. Accident prevention and response manual for anhydrous ammonia refrigeration system operators. Introduction chapter 1 introduction courtesy of frick. Less expensive ammonia refrigerators require narrower piping, which is cheaper to make. Ammonia refrigeration technology single stage compression with evaporators configured as directexpansion flooded overfeed multistage compression systems cascade systems. Piping and heat exchangers can be smaller because of the efficient refrigeration properties of ammonia and its low charge.
Refrigeration fundamentals 2175 west park place blvd. Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e. We provide professional, experienced, refrigeration service to the southeastern usa. Industrial refrigeration basics the engineering mindset. Refrigeration manual when people should go to the books stores, search initiation by shop, shelf by shelf, it is truly problematic.
Computer control panel on a 500 ton frick screw machine. When the pressure is released, the liquid evaporates rapidly, generally forming an invisible vapor or gas. It describes both singlestage and twostage ammonia systems, and explains the importance of accumulators and inter coolers in ammonia refrigeration. Commodity storage manual, the refrigeration research foundation, washington. Industrial refrigeration best practices guide 1 chapter 1. Anhydrous ammonia is a clear liquid that boils at a temperature of 28f.
Test your ammonia refrigeration knowledge in appendix e. Other manufacturers estimate the risks and the associated costs rising from the compressor. While the average person doesnt realize it, just about all food and drinks that are purchased have been kept cold using ammonia refrigeration at some point along the way. Co2, ammonia, r4a car a c, hfo1234yf tools air conditioner cleaning measuring tools refrigerant service tools 58 can be used for maintenance of co2 air conditioning equipment, etc. Low temp saturated suction temperature, oc 26 ammonia 26 co 2 medium temp saturated suction temperature, oc10 ammonia ammonia. Tutorial on how to use and read a refrigerant gauge set to read pressure, saturated temperature, superheat, and subcooling. Kessler, senior process safety engineer introduction.
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